In Shark Bay, located on Australia's western coast, some bottlenose dolphins have developed a unique hunting technique: they wear marine sponges on their snouts to search for fish hidden under the sand. This rare behavior sheds light on animal culture and tool use.
The Sponge as Protection
According to researchers, dolphins use the sponge to shield their snouts from sharp rocks and shells on the seafloor. With the sponge, they sift through debris and sand to expose bottom-dwelling fish.
But this technique is not simple. A new scientific study shows that the sponge interferes with the dolphin’s echolocation — the ability to navigate by sound. Marine biologist Ellen Rose Jacobs explains, “It’s like wearing a mask on your face — the sound is muffled, but adaptation is possible.”
A Skill Passed Down Through Generations
Biologists believe this hunting technique is a form of cultural behavior passed exclusively from mother to calf. Dolphin calves usually stay with their mothers for 3–4 years to learn vital life skills.
Other marine biologists compare the technique to hunting while blindfolded. “It requires extensive training and high skill,” says Oregon State University scientist Mauricio Cantor.
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