Stuttering is one of the serious problems of human speech, which manifests itself mainly as a state of inability to speak words freely and fluently. In the speech of a stutterer, repetition, prolongation, or unexpected pauses are observed in words or syllables. He knows exactly what he wants to say, but he has difficulty expressing it fluently.
In most cases, stuttering is common in childhood, i.e., between the ages of 2 and 6. According to scientific data, approximately 5-10% of children may experience short-term or long-term stuttering during language development. Interestingly, among boys, stuttering is observed 2-3 times more often than among girls, and this gender gap increases with age.
Usually, about 75 percent of children completely get rid of stuttering over time. However, in the remaining 25% of cases, this condition persists and in some cases can last for life. Therefore, stuttering can negatively affect a person's self-esteem, ability to communicate freely in society, and even work efficiency.
The smooth emergence of speech is a very complex physiological process. It consists of several precisely coordinated muscle activities, such as breathing, sound production (phonation), and articulation (movements of the tongue, lips, throat, and palate). All these processes are controlled by the brain. At the same time, listening is also of great importance for the complete formation of speech.
The causes of stuttering can be various. In some cases, it is caused by hereditary factors, in others - by neurological or psychological factors. For example, the child's family environment, stress, intense fear, or prolonged psychological pressure can also exacerbate stuttering.
Doctors and speech therapists emphasize that stuttering can be prevented through proper treatment at an early stage. For this purpose, special speech therapy sessions, breathing exercises, and psychotherapeutic methods are used. In some cases, modern technologies have created opportunities to reduce stuttering and restore fluent speech.
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