White spots on nails often attract attention. This condition is not always dangerous and often occurs due to simple injuries or vitamin deficiencies. However, if the spots persist for a long time, they can be a sign of internal diseases. Let’s examine the causes of white spots on nails.
Mechanical Injury
Small white spots on the nails are called leukonychia in medicine, and their most common cause is mechanical injury. This condition arises when the nail plate or nail matrix is damaged. For example, hitting the nail against a hard object, squeezing it, careless manicure, or biting nails can cause white spots. These spots are usually not harmful to health but may cause aesthetic discomfort.
White spots caused by mechanical injury grow along with the nail and naturally disappear when the nail reaches the tip. Since nail growth rates vary among individuals, this process may take a few weeks or months for fingernails, and even up to a year for toenails.
Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency
The appearance of white spots on nails can also be linked to vitamin and mineral deficiencies in the body. Deficiency in zinc, calcium, and iron often causes such signs. These substances are crucial for healthy nail cell formation. For example, a zinc deficiency can make nails brittle and small white spots appear on them. Calcium deficiency weakens bones and nails, while iron deficiency impairs blood circulation, negatively affecting nails.
In such cases, it is very important to pay attention to your diet. You should include the following in your diet:
Zinc-rich foods: nuts, beans, eggs, seafood;
Calcium sources: dairy products, leafy greens;
Iron-rich foods: red meat, liver, spinach, and apples.
In addition to proper nutrition, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, reducing stress, and getting enough rest also play a significant role in restoring nail health.
Allergic Reaction
Another cause of white spots is allergic reactions. This often happens when working with chemicals. For example, the use of nail polish, nail polish removers, or household chemicals can cause small white spots on nails. Such allergic reactions weaken the nail plate, make it brittle, and sometimes cause itching.
To prevent this issue, nails should be regularly given breaks, avoid frequent use of polish, and refrain from using low-quality, cheap nail products. It is recommended to wear protective gloves when working with chemicals. Also, using moisturizing oils and special care products for nails will help keep them strong and healthy.
Nail Fungus (Mycosis)
White spots on nails can sometimes be the first sign of nail fungus (mycosis) or other bacterial diseases. In such cases, the spots may appear as small dots or lines, and over time they enlarge and cover the entire nail surface. The nail may become brittle, fragile, thicken, or change color. If these symptoms are observed, home treatment may not be enough.
In such cases, it is important to consult a dermatologist, as only a specialist can take the necessary nail samples, make the correct diagnosis, and prescribe antifungal treatments if necessary.
Internal Diseases
Diabetes, kidney or liver diseases, as well as cardiovascular problems can be reflected in the nails. In such cases, white spots are often widespread, and additional symptoms may also occur. For example, general fatigue, changes in skin color, swelling, hair loss, or discomfort in other parts of the body. Therefore, if unusual changes appear in the nails, especially if they persist for a long time or are accompanied by other symptoms, it is recommended to consult a doctor. This allows for early detection and treatment of internal diseases.
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