Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a water-soluble substance that is extremely important for human health. It is essential for the nervous system, blood formation, and cellular energy. However, many people do not realize that its deficiency can develop slowly over years and lead to serious problems. From this article, you will learn about the causes, symptoms, and prevention of vitamin B12 deficiency.
Key functions of vitamin B12 in the body- protecting nerve fibers, producing red blood cells, participating in DNA synthesis, aiding energy production, and stabilizing brain function.
Vitamin B12 is mainly found in meat, eggs, liver, and dairy products.
Causes of B12 deficiency- vegetarian or vegan diet (avoiding animal products), chronic gastritis, low stomach acid, malabsorption in the intestines (Crohn’s disease, short bowel syndrome), reduced absorption with age, pernicious anemia (autoimmune disorder).
Symptoms of B12 deficiency- chronic fatigue and weakness, reduced attention and memory, low blood pressure, dizziness, numbness in hands and feet, poor coordination, mouth sores, red and sore tongue, low mood, and depression.
Risks for children and pregnant women:
- During pregnancy, B12 deficiency may cause defects in the fetal nervous system.
- In children, it may lead to stunted growth, developmental delays, persistent irritability, and attention deficit.
Prevention and treatment:
- Regular consumption of B12-rich foods: beef liver, eggs, fish, cheese, yogurt, kefir.
- For dieters: B12-fortified foods or vitamin supplements.
- In severe cases: B12 injections under medical supervision.
B12 deficiency is diagnosed through specific blood tests — serum B12, homocysteine, or methylmalonic acid. Treatment should always be carried out under a doctor’s supervision.
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