A new legal framework for the protection and effective use of water resources has been established in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The Law No. 1076, adopted on July 30, 2025, officially approved the "Water Code", which comprehensively regulates relations regarding the use of water, water bodies, and lands of the water fund in the country.
The document recognizes water as a national wealth, emphasizes that it should be used only rationally and purposefully, and stipulates that it is under additional state protection. The Code divides water use into two main types — general and special use.
Water bodies are classified into the following main categories:
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Surface and underground water bodies
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Transboundary water bodies, that is, surface and underground waters located in Uzbekistan and crossing state borders
Use of water bodies may be individual or joint. For the effective management of resources, water councils are created as collegial advisory bodies at the national and basin level, and if necessary, at the local level. Additionally, a separate Republican Water Council operates under the Cabinet of Ministers.
According to the Code, water bodies may be provided for permanent or temporary use, as well as based on public-private partnership agreements. The period for temporary use must not be less than 3 years and cannot exceed 49 years.
Types of general use of water include:
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Taking water for drinking and household needs
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Bathing
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Watering livestock
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Fishing for sport or recreation
Such types of use are carried out without permits and restrictions. However, special water use is allowed only in cases specified in the Code, and only on the basis of a special permit (license).
Another important innovation is the introduction of the concept of a water servitude. This is established to ensure the passage of citizens and vehicles, watering and driving of livestock, free use and passage along coastal zones. Servitudes can be public or private.
The Code enters into force three months after its official publication. The new legal framework strengthens modern approaches to water resource management and public participation. Officials and experts emphasize that these changes are of great importance for the rational use of water, its protection, and ensuring the sustainability of the ecosystem in the country.
With the new Code, Uzbekistan has taken a qualitatively new step in protecting and effectively using water resources.
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